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October 16, 2009
There are two common types of electric vehicle movers DC (direct current) and AC (alter current). The DC mover has wide field of using. You can find it in any vehicle like starter motor , electric drive for windshield wiper, heater fun etc.
What is the dissimiliarity between these two type motors? First of all type of current: direct current with electric charge that stream in a constant direction produced by batteries, dynamo, solar cells and alternating current with electric charge that periodically changes the direction of stream . Constructions also are different. The main distinction is the current that stream onto rotor. This current creates magnetic field and rotor can spin with the same velocity as rotating magnetic field in the stator.
The electric vehicle needs three main parts to drive: an electric car motor that powered a carrier , batteries that store energy, motor’s controller that fetch and regulate electricity from batteries to motor . The driver controls speed of car using accelerator connected with motor’s controller through potentiometer (variable resistor). Controller fetches required level of power depending on what position driver holds accelerator pedal.
Controller uses pulsing principle to manage the power on the mover . It means that when driver pushes accelerator pedal controller reads level of voltage on potentiometer. Depending on this level controller cuts the power from batteries and carries these portions to the engine . Let’s suppose that driver pushes pedal on 30%. Controller reads this level from potentiometer and sever power with equal portions (impulses) for example 20 thousand times per second. So 6 thousand impulses have maximum voltage level, 14 thousand have zero level. After second controller again reads voltage level from potentiometer and calculates the power on the engine . It means that when driver pushes accelerator pedal controller reads level of voltage on potentiometer. Depending on this level controller cuts the power from batteries and brings these portions to the motor . Let’s assume that driver pushes pedal on 30%. Controller reads this level from potentiometer and nick power with equal portions (impulses) for example 20 thousand times per second. So 6 thousand impulses have maximum voltage level, 14 thousand have zero level. After second controller again reads voltage level from potentiometer and computes the number of impulses.
The number of impulses per second is essential criteria for controller because impulse frequency causes the same mover vibration frequency. As human hearing frequency threshold is 15 thousand per second. So when impulse frequency is more than 15 thousand it keeps silent mover work for human.
It was the principle of working for DC controller. AC controller is much more involved . Because it produces three phase alternating current from batteries’ direct current. So it uses impulse principle for pulse the current and also it reverses polarity of the voltage 60 times per second using set of transistors.
As you see AC motors and controllers are more inricate for installation during electric vehicle conversion than DC electric automobile motors, but they generate more power comparing with the same weight as DC motors.
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